Muscular Dystrophy What is muscular dystrophy ? Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited diseases that damage and weaken your muscles over time. This damage and weakness is due to the lack of a protein called dystrophin, which is necessary for normal muscle function. The absence of this protein can cause problems with walking, swallowing, and muscle coordination. Muscular dystrophy can occur at any age, but most diagnoses occur in childhood. Young boys are more likely to have this disease than girls. The prognosis for muscular dystrophy depends on the type and the severity of symptoms. However, most individuals with muscular dystrophy do lose the ability to walk and eventually require a wheelchair. There’s no known cure for muscular dystrophy, but certain treatments may help. What are the symptoms of muscular dystrophy? There are more than 30 different types of muscular dystrophy, which vary in symptoms and severity. There are nine different categories used for diagnosis. Class...

  PULSE   INTRODUCTION : • The pulse is a wave of blood created by alternate expansion and recoil of elastic arteries after each systole of the left ventricle creating a traveling pressure wave that is called the PULSE.  • The pulse may be felt in any artery that lies near the surface of the body that can be compressed against a bone or other firm structure.  • Pulse wave travels faster than blood with velocity of 5-8m/sec(bl.flows at velocity of 0.5/sec.)  • Importance :- • Also called the mirror of heart  • Information about arterial wall condition • State of heart and circulation  • Rough estimation of SBP and DBP • Diagnosis in case of AR and acute LVF • Detect and diagnosis of arrhythmia • THE NORMAL pulse rate is 60-100bpm. • It is under control of ANS. • HR increases with incr. Sympathetic activity.  • Decrease with increased parasympathetic activity.  • A HR more than 100 - Tachycardia.  • HR less than 60- Bradycardia.  • N...

  SCIATICA   INTRODUCTION :- • Most frequent radicular pain syndrome of spinal origin.  • Occurs due to irritation of a spinal nerve root associated with disc herniatition at L4 – L5 or L5–S1. • Pain usually begins in the lower back radiating to the sacroiliac regions, buttocks,thighs ,calf & foot  • Sciatica is a symptom , NOT A DIAGNOSIS.  Branches:- •  The sciatic nerve branches into 2 main divisions behind the knee— • the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve. 1.The tibial nerve courses down and supplies the back of the leg and the sole of the foot.  2.The common peroneal nerve supplies the front of the leg and foot.    Pathway:- • After its individual contributions end, the sciatic nerve exits the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis muscle. •  The nerve then runs along the back of the thigh, into the leg, and finally ends in the foot. ONSET :- • Onset is often traumatic  • Exertion or a fo...